Knowledge-Based Methods for Control Systems

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Advanced and Rapid Tool in Control Room to Determine the Cause and Location of Events in Transmission Network

Operating personnel in control room act on SCADA alarm generated on data from station computer. Using new technologies and advanced technical solutions assistance tool can be designed. This tool provides quick help in busy situations for operator. For this new tool with three types of case studies insight will be given in this paper. Introduction part has short information about numbers of alarms and events in Control centre, and their distribution during one month period. Basic principles for alarm handling in SCADA system is given with all limitations. New tool, Intelligent Alarm Processing system is designed and implemented in control room. It has connection to SCADA system with standard data exchange format CIM/XML and run in real time, with only few seconds delay. This system based on Multilevel Flow Model has root cause analyses implemented for power system. Detail fault location algorithm description with block scheme for this Intelligent Alarm Processing system is part of third chapter. Special attention must be paid for modelling protection data in SCADA system which are sent to this new tool. Demonstration of Intelligent Alarm Processing system operation is reported in fourth chapter. Three characteristic disturbances in transmission network were elaborated. Most complex and challenging disturbances for operator in control room is cascading event. This case study is presented in detail in four sequences through graphical user interface. Second case study is also challenging for operators, heavy winter storm with numerous isolated events. In this case study very effective graphical presentation and alarm list with three types, primary event, consequences and detail list for this events were demonstrated. This list pointed out exactly and clearly what happened in the network. Last case study presents common disturbances which appears on daily basis, where this tool is of great assistance because it points on transmission elements very fast

ESS Control System Data Lab - Executive Summary

Driven by the idea to use alarm data to explore machine learning across Industry 4.0 applications, the goal of this pilot study was to explore how to collect, store, manage and share data from the ESS Control System. Generally, we seek to make any control system data available for research and innovation but started with alarms as a feasible domain in which to explore machine learning. The goals were threefold, each explored in a work package:1. How to govern a data ecosystem, and which tools are needed to support it?2. How can alarm data be interpreted across industrial contexts, i.e., which meta dataand reference models are needed?3. How can data sharing be practically and legally handled at ESS?In summary, we identify a set of potential alleys for continued work to foster industrial innovation and collaboration in a control system data ecosystem with ESS as a catalyst

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation in two children with mucopolysaccharidosis VI: clinical and biochemical outcome

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) is an autosomal recessive progressive multiorgan disorder due to mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme Arylsulfatase B (ARSB). Dysfunctional ARSB causes lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Currently, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is preferred to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) due to the treatment-related risks of the latter. However, ERT constitutes an expensive life-long treatment. Increased experience and safety of SCT-procedures in recent years suggest that SCT should be further explored as a treatment option. This is the first report on haploidentical SCT in patients with MPS VI. The primary objective was to assess the treatment safety and clinical and biochemical outcome. Patients and methods: Two siblings diagnosed with MPS VI at 10 months of age and at birth with genotype p. C192R, reported as mild to intermediate phenotype, underwent unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation pre-symptomatic. Due to graft failure, both patients were urgently re-transplantated with haploidentical SCT with the father as donor. Continuous clinical and biochemical status was monitored and concluded 3.8 and 4.6 years after the haploidentical SCT. Results: Haploidentical SCT resulted in prompt and sustained engraftment. Complete donor chimerism was achieved in both patients, apart from mixed B cells chimerism in patient 2. ARSB activity in leukocytes post transplant increased from 0.0 to 19.0 mu kat/kg protein (patient 1) and from 3.6 to 17.9 mu kat/kg protein (patient 2) (ref. 17-40). Total urinary GAG normalized in both patients, although patient 2's values slightly exceed normal range since 6 months. However, dermatan sulfaturia was substantially normalized since 16 months and 12 months post-SCT, respectively. Height was -1.85 SD and -1.27 SD at follow-up. Patient 1 had impaired visual acuity and discrete hepatomegaly. Patient 2 had elevated intraocular pressure and X-ray revealed steep acetabular angles and slightly flattened lumbar vertebrae. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that young children with MPS VI tolerate haploidentical SCT. Normalization of enzyme production and dermatan sulfaturia indicates correction of the inborn error of metabolism and coincide with no obvious symptoms of progressive MPS VI up to 4.6 years post-SCT